The main purpose of this work is to provide a broad vision of the 2030 Agenda that can illustrate the main contributions and challenges that it brings. The scientific community needs studies to examine the features that define the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the measures required for their full implementation. Therefore, it is necessary to study in detail the characteristics that define the 2030 Agenda, based on the 17 Goals and 169 targets that the international community has indicated, as well as the actors to implement it and the most relevant social groups that will benefit from it. This is a broad work in terms of the topics analyzed and adopts a multidisciplinary approach.